The title Po-i-Kalyan (also Poi Kalyan), which means “The foot of the Great”, belongs to the architectural complex located at the foot of the great Kalyan minaret in Bukhara, Uzbekistan. The complex is located at historic part of a town. Since 713 several ensembles of main cathedral mosques were built at this area to the south of the Ark citadel.

The Ark is a massive fortress located in the city of Bukhara, Uzbekistan that was initially built and occupied around the 5th century AD. In addition to being a military structure, the Ark encompassed what was essentially a town that, during much of the fortress’ history, was inhabited by the various royal courts that held sway over the region surrounding Bukhara

The Registan was the heart of the ancient Samarkand, Uzbekistan. The name Registan means “Sandy place” in Persian. The Registan was a place of public executions, where also people gathered to hear royal proclamations, heralded by blasts on enormous copper pipes called dzharchis. Samarkand is the second-largest city in Uzbekistan and the capital of Samarqand Province. The city is most noted for its central position on the Silk Road between China and the West.